Oil burner



J. J. GLEASON Feb.

OIL BURNER Filed- May 16. 1925- 2 Shets-Sheet' IN VEN T OR. James:j/emmm.

ATTORNEY v Patented Feb. 22, 13927.

'uN n J'. GLEASON, O'E STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

QIL BUB EB Application filed ay 164925. 'Serial Ne. 30,691@

'for employing in connection with the burni er any additional powerdevce or contrivance whatsgever of so ne class heretofore ordinarily utlized to produceeificient coni-- bustion of ordinary commercial gradesof efuel 0 11, the present bnrnerbeng, n fact,

aself-contained unit of Construction adapted to care 'for clean andcomplete combustionof uel oil.

A further specific object is torprovde an oil'bnrner which can beautomatically inanpnlated by' means of a single -valve, which Valvewill, ordinarily be in the oil'ntake pipe of the burner.

A further specific object is to provide an oil burner 'having means `torsuperheatng arbefore mixng it with oil to be burned,

in orderthat said air can closely approxiy mate the flash point of thecilat the time of mixing. y

A further specific object is to provide an oil burner having anarrangement for the` aspration of steam to thec ombuston chamber of theburner, whereby the efiic ency vor" the bur-ner s greatly ncreased.

And' a still" further specfic object is to provdean ol burner ha'vng ahot air oven 'or nanifoldadapted to receive primary air to be heated toabout the flash point of conr mereial fueloih' a flash pan inproxiniityto saidoven 'or manifold and a daptedto serve w represents a. 'nrnace, B;the oilburner ofthe v rnventon appled to use n the furnace,

as a dome for uel'oil to be burned, a combustion chamber where theburning' of the fuel oil is accomplshed, a water dispenser, anarrangenent for admittingsecondary air to said combustion chainber, andacontrolledoil :intake leading to said' deme or flash pan, the hot airovenor mani old being ..of relatively great Capacity to 'insure thatmore hot air than suicienttoafiord complete combnstio'n will' becontinnously asprated :to the conbustion chanber;` the heat ofcombustion beingaadapted to keep thehot afir 'oven or manifold heated tohigh the broad object of i the inyention and the'scope of V inFgQ; V I eFgs's afragnentary plan iew better temperature, the heat of combustonalso bengadapted to heat water n the ,dspenser n order that s't ean iscontnuoisly present in the oil bu'rner, the steambe'ing adapted to be soSituated as totravel to the conibiistion chamber or to'be carriedthereto said e secondary air, and' the amount of fuel allowedto bejed?to said dneor `flash pan being adapted to controlthe working temperature of the oil bnrn'er. i

With the above objects in View; as well as others which will appearasthespecifica- 'tion proceeds, the nvention conjprises'the Construction,arrangenent andflconbination ot' par'ts as nowto'he fullydescrbecl ,andas here'nafter to be specficallyclainiedyfit being understood that thedisclo's ure herein is merely illustrative andmeant' in neway in alirnting sense, changes in d etails of mn structon and arrangementjof'pms ?being per'nissible so -long as within the spirit 'of I theappended clams, v ii i .In the 'accompanyingdrawngs forming a partgofthis s'pecficaton; 1

IFg. I isa fragmentary ele'vatonal View disclosing an oilburner having`the principles of the nventon ,appled-rto use; V

F'g. 2' is a vertical'section'al 'View ofthe oil burner the line uponwhich" the section 's takenbengmore 'or Iessdstorted to better'bring outthe Construction Fig. 3 isa pa'n viewwithl the oven'or hot air manfoldremoved;

Fig' isa sectionalyiew aslcn line l l dsclos'ng the relaton o f' theconponent part s. of the burner and i Fg. 6 s a sectional View aso'ni'line (3 6 1n]3`g.'.3. I 'i W'Vth respect to Fig. l 'of-the drawing, A

an oil over-flow pipe leading frontheburner, .E. inechanism of `comnerce(forming v ne i part of' the invention) 'for automatically shutting ,ofithe oil ,snpply to the burner when" .there has been; a predeterminedamount ofoil to pass throughthe over fiow pipegF `is a waterpipe leadingto the burnj er, and G is ;hechanismfioff commerce' used for keeping thewater ;n thehurner `etja constant? preleter nined levelf The oil burnercan, of course, be applied'to a va riety of uses other than the usesuggested in Fig. 1.

Of the improved oil burner, denotes a base or frame, which may be acasting, including a hollow cylindrical section 11, Vertical asdisclosed, and a horizontally disposed top section 12. The top section12 has a central, preferably cylindrical air duet 13, and adjacent saidair duct said top section is dished to provide an annular cavity 141encircling said air duct and adapted to receive, in a manner to beexplained, oil which may enter the burnerwhen not lighted.

The top section 12 has upstanding vanes which are desirably of spiraltormation and are spaced at equal distances apart about said topsection, all of said Vanes extending outwardly from locations adjacentthe air duet of the top section and preferably terminating at oradjacent to the margin thereof. As disclosed, alternate vanes ,15- aresolid, and alternate vanes 16 are hollow, numer-al 17 representingvertical air passages or ducts through said vanes 16 and through the topsection, which air passages or ducts, naturally, lead from the space,denoted 18, within the hollow cylindrical section 12.

'The section 11 of the base or frame may rest upon a grate 19, and maybe surrounded by suitable material 20, which may be some refractorymaterial, envelopng the lower portion of said section 11. The hollow orcylindrical section 11 constitutes a manifold for atmospheric air drawninto the oil burner in a manner which will become obvious. Numeral 21denotesa water pan or dispenser bolteclas at 22 to the underside of thetop section 12 of the base or iframe and provided with a water inlet 23at the inner end of the water pipe F. The water pan or 'dispenser has acentral cylindrical duet 2 1 which is, as shown, in vertical alignmentwith the air duct'13 of 'the top section 12, and the upper end of thisair duet 24 terminates at a location spaced a slight distance 'rom thedished portion of' the top section, wnereby there can be 'communicationthrough a space 25 between the water pan or dispenser and said airduct13.

i Numeral 26 indicates spaced apart evaporator radiators, which may beintegral with the casting comprising` the base or iframe 10, extendingdownwardly from the top section 12 of said base or iframe and enteringthe water pan' or dispenser. As disclosed, the ,water pan or dispenserhas compartments 27 eachconforming generally to the shape of 'theevaporator radiators, there being a radiator for each compartment. Thearrangement here is such that the radiators can come into intimate'contact with water in the dispenser when immersed to the 'level desired.The 'mechanism G of commerce keeps the water in the dispenser at aconstant level, and, consequently, the radiators 'are always immersed inthe water to a constant depth, which depth may be that most suitable toobtain the water vaporizing re- 70" sult desired, as will be understood.

Numeral 28 represents a hot air oven or manifold which is Situated uponthe vanes' 15 and 16 of the oil burner (see Fig. 2). This manifold 28has openings 29 which allow communication between the air ducts orpassages 17 of the vanes 16 and the interior of the hot air oven ormanii'old, and said manifold 28 also has a central cylindricaldownwardly disposed air duet 30 which is above and desirabl in alignmentwith the air duct 13 01 the top section 12. The locations, denoted 31,where the vanes 16 engage the hot air oven or manifold will be properlyreinforced to provide suitable con- S' nections insuring against leaks.

Numeral 32 denotes a dome or flash pan, preferably circular and crowned(about the Construction disclosed), which is Situated between the airducts 13 and 30, spaced a 'deeo sired and predetermined distance fromeach A duet. As shown, this deme or flash pan rests upon three steps 33of certain of the Vanes 15, although it could be supported in some'other suitable manner. 34 represents the inner end portion of theoilintake pipe C, which inner 'end portion extends through the ducts 13and 24: of the top section 12 and the Water dispenser, respectively, andis threaded into the center of the dome .or flash mo pan in such mannerthat' oil 'from the intake pipe can be fed to the upper surface of saiddome or flash pan, as will be clear from Fig. 2. 35 is the inner endofthe overfiow pipe D which communicates with the cavity 1 1 to removetherefrom oil which may enter the burner when not lighted. 2,6 is avalve of'any suitable con'structionlo- 'cated in the oil intake pipe Cand adapted i or flash pan 32 is Situated, and the vanes 15, 16 dividethe portion of said combus tion chamber surrounding said dome' or flashpan-into a` plurality of separate compartments, which are, in fact,spiral passages leading from the location of the dome i 'or fiaslrpanapproirimately to the margin of the oil burner, and there opening to theatmosphere. It will be evident' that a greater 'orless number ofvanes15, 16, and

constructed in a manner `different from that illustrated, could be'utilized. The'manner in which the oil burner functions in use is asfollows': The valve 36 is moved to open position when'fuel oil istooilat the deme or flash pan. As' the 'oil burns, primary air passingupwardly in the 'direction Ofthe r ws X, through the space '18 of 'theatmospherioair-manifold or `'sec- V tion 11, and through the heated air.ducts or passages 17 of the hollo-w vanes 16 to the oven or manifold28, feeds the flames via the air duct 30, and secondary air passingupwardly, in the direction of the arrows Y, through the space 18and'through the air clucts 24: and 13, feeds said flame via space 38between the air duct 13 and the deme or flash pan 32. Almost immediatelythe oven or manifold 28 becomes heated` to a high temperature, andsaidioven is desirably ofrelatively great capacity. t-o insure that itwill continuously contain more than suflicient superheated air to a'ordcomplete combustion of oil fed to the combustion chamber. Preferably,the temperature of airat the interior of the hot air oven or manifold 28approximates the flash point of the grade of fuel oil being burned. Theactual or working temperature of said hot air oven or manifold will varyaccording to the amount of oil allowed to be fed past the valve 36 tothe dome o-r flash pan to be burned, as will be evident. The spiralpassages provided by the vanes 15 and 16 and leading from the dome orflash pan will receive the burning gases from' the space of thecombustion chamber in pro ximity to the dome or flash pan, and in thesepassages the combustion of the oil will be completed. The rapid passageof the completely burned gases out of said spiral passages of the com-'bustion chamber will cause air to be rapdly p aspirated to the space inproxinity to the dome or flash pan and within 'the central part of thecombustion chamber. The

'major portion of this air (primaryair) will be drawn in through the hotpassages 17 and fed to the flame from the hot air oven' or manifold, butsome air (secondary air) Will enter via the air ducts 24 and 13 and,

the space 38. i

The evaporator radiators'26 are, as disclosed, in close proximity to thelower wall of the combustion chamber 37, and are preferably not fardistant from the vanes 15 and 16, so that heat is absorbed by theradiators and imparted to water in the pan or dis-,

and, itself intimately niXing with the burn ing gases in thecombustionchamber, causes 'the steam and burning gasesto be thorloughlyj mixed, thus greatly increasin'g :the "efciency of theoilburnei Oilwhich may pass into, the .bu-rner not lightedwill run from the deme 'orflash 'pan' tothe annular vcavity l iandathence out 'of 'theburner-through the over-.flowpipeD ,leading tothe mechanism E.

What Iclaimis: y 1. In an oil burner, an atmospheric-airmanifoldincluding a hollow, vertical portion and a horizontal portion, therebeing a duct in said horizontal portion, a water dispenser incommunication with said atmospheric-air-manifold, a hot air manifoldabove said atmospheric-air-manifold, vanes extending between' saidmanifolds and p-roi vidng, together with both manifolds, a comv bustionchamber, there being air passages through certain of said vanes andafiordng communcaton between said hot air manifold and saidatmospheric-air-nianifold, and sad hot air manifold having a' downwardlydisposed duct affording communication between said combustion chamberand hot air manifold, a flash pan in said combustion chamber adj acentsaid hot-air-manifold-duct for receiving oil to be burned, and means'whereby the feedof oil to said combustion chamber can be controlled.

2.' The combination as specified in claim 1, and the water dispenserbeing within said atmospheric air manifold and having 'a duet, therebeing a space between said water dispenser and said duct in saidhorizontal portion, and evaporator radiators in proximity tosaidcombustion chanber and adapted to enter water in said dispensertherebeing a space between said flash pan and the duet in 'said horizontalportion whereby air carried to said combustion chambervia said waterdspenser duct and said horizontal portion duct will carry steam to saidchanber;

3. The combinationas specified in claim 1, the water dispenserbeing-within said atmospheric-air-manifo-ld 'and including evap oratorradiat'ors integral with said horizontal portion. I

1. The combnation as specified in claim 1, wherein the combustionchamber has a cen-- tral portion inwhich the flash pan is arranged andthe vanes provide spral passages leading fronsaid central portion to theat- 'mosphere 5. In an oil burner, an atmospheric-airmanifold includinga hollow, Vertical portion and a horizontal portion, there being a duetin said horizontal portion, a hot air manifold above 'said-atmospheric-air-manifold, vanes extending between said manifolds andproviding, together with both manifolds, a combustion chamber, therebeing air passages through certain of. said vanes and afiordingcommunication between said hot air manifold andsaidatmosphericair-manifold, and said hot air manifold having adownwardly dsposed duet afi'ording communcaton between' sad combustonchamber and -hot air inanifld, a" flash pan* n szud combuston chanher'achacent sad hot-ar-manfold duet for recevng o1l`to` be burned, thecombuston chamber having a central porton 111 Whch the flash pan isarranged and the vanes provlde sprnl passages leading from said centralportion to the atmosphere, andmeans hereby the feed 10 of oil to saidcombustion 'chamber can'be controlled.

- Signed at Stamford, in the County, of Farfield, and State ofConnectcut, this 11th day of May, A. D. 1925.

JAMES J. GLEASON.

